Units and Conversion Factors

Units and Conversion Factors

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Length
1 centimeter (cm)
= 0.3937 inches
1 meter (m)
= 3.281 feet
1 kilometer (km)
= 0.6214 miles
1 inch (in)
= 2.540 centimeters
1 foot (ft) = 12 inches
= 0.3048 meters
1 mile = 5280 feet
= 1.609 kilometers
Area
1 square centimeter (cm2)
= 0.1550 square inches
1 square meter (m2)
= 10.76 square feet
1 hectare (ha) = 10,000 square meters
= 2.471 acres
1 square kilometer (km2)= 100 hectares
= 0.3861 square miles
1 square inch (in2)
= 6.452 square centimeters
1 square foot (ft2)
= 0.09290 square meters
1 acre = 43,560 square feet
= 0.4047 hectares
1 square mile = 640 acres
= 2.590 square kilometers
Volume
1 cubic centimeter (cm3) = 1 milliliter (ml)
= 0.06102 cubic inches
1 liter (l) = 1,000 cubic centimeters
= 0.2642 gallons (liquid, U.S.)
1 cubic meter (m3)= 1,000 liters
= 35.31 cubic feet
1 cubic inch (in3)
= 16.39 cubic centimeters
1 gallon (liquid, U.S.) =231.0 cubic inches
= 3.785 liters
1 cubic foot (ft3) = 7.481 gallons (liquid, U.S.)
= 0.02832 cubic meters
1 barrel (bbl) (oil, US) = 42 gallons (liquid, US)
= 159.0 liters
1 cord (U.S.) = 128.0 cubic feet
= 3.625 cubic meters
B-2
Weight
1 gram (g)
= 0.03527 ounces
1 kilogram (kg)
= 2.205 pounds
1 metric tonne (t) = 1,000 kilograms
= 1.1023 short tons (U.S.)
1 ounce (oz)
= 28.35 grams
1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces
= 0.4536 kilograms
1 short ton (U.S.) = 2,000 pounds
= 0.9072 metric tonnes
Energy
1 joule (J)
= 0.2388 calories (International Table)
1000 joules (J)
= 0.9479 Btu
1 kilowatthour (kWh) = 3.600 x 10
6
joules
= 3,412 British thermal units
1 calorie (International Table)
= 4.187 joules
1 British thermal unit (Btu) = 252.0 calories
= 1055 joules
1 quad = 1 x 10
15
British thermal units
= 2.931 x 10
11
kilowatthours
Power
1 watt (W) = 1 joule per second
= 3.412 British thermal units per hour
1 kilowatt (kW)
= 0.9478 British thermal units per second
= 1.341 horsepower (imperial)
1 British thermal unit per hour (Btu/h)
= 0.2931 watts
1 British thermal unit per second (Btu/s)
= 1.055 kilowatts
1 horsepower (hp) (imperial) = 0.7068 British
thermal units per second
= 0.7457 kilowatts
Temperature
From Centigrade(oC) to Fahrenheit(oF):
(oC x 9/5) + 32 = oF
From Fahrenheit(oF) to Centigrade(oC):
(oF - 32) x 5/9 = oC
B-3
Prefixes in the International System of Units
Multiplier Symbol Prefix
1018 E exa
1015 P peta
1012 T tera
109 G giga
106 M mega
103 k kilo
102 h hecto
101 da deca
10-1 d deci
10-2 c centi
10-3 m milli
10-6 μ micro
10-9 n nano
Approximate Carbon and Thermal Conversion Factors
Fuel Density
(kg/liter)
Carbon a
(kg C/GJ)
Energy
Coal (bituminous) 24.4 20.5 MMBtu/ton
23.8MJ/kg
Oil (crude) 0.744 18.9 5.8 MMBtu/Bbl
Natural Gas 1000 cubic feet =
19.18 kg
13.6 1025 Btu/cf
Ethanol 0.792 17.8 26.8 MJ/kg
Wood 0.7-0.8 NA 18-20 MJ/kg
a 1 kilogram of carbon is equivalent to 3.667 kgs. Of carbon dioxide measures at full molecular weightz

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